And start protecting yourself. By Steve Phillips-Waller

Living with the heartbreak of a troubled relationship with your adult child requires a kind of courage most people never have to find. You wake up each day carrying the weight of worry, the ache of disappointment, and the exhausting burden of trying to fix something that remains broken despite your best efforts.

Perhaps you’ve spent years—maybe decades—pouring yourself into this relationship, believing that your next attempt, your next conversation, your next gesture of help would finally be the one that turns everything around.

You likely carry guilt and blame, too. Perhaps you mentally catalogue every parenting decision and wonder which ones led here. Yet theories from psychologists like Judith Rich Harris and Howard Gardner point to something both challenging and freeing: peer groups, individual temperament, and experiences beyond your home shaped your child in ways you might not realize.

Mental health issues, addiction, toxic partners, and traumatic experiences you couldn’t have prevented all play roles in who your child has become. There’s no question that you greatly influenced them, but you didn’t determine everything.

The truth many parents eventually face is that protecting yourself doesn’t mean you’ve failed or stopped caring. Sometimes, the most profound act of love involves stepping back, setting firm boundaries, and choosing your own wellbeing even when it feels impossible. Here’s how.

1. Recognize when you’re stuck in the “hope trap”.

Your mind keeps returning to the same script. Maybe next month will be different. Maybe once they get through this rough patch. Maybe after they turn thirty, or forty, or after they hit rock bottom. You find yourself making excuses that sound reasonable in the moment—they’re under stress, they didn’t mean it that way, they’re trying their best.

Perpetual hoping feels productive because it keeps you engaged. Your brain searches desperately for patterns that suggest improvement, latching onto small moments of kindness or brief periods of stability as evidence that real change is coming. Meanwhile, you’re waiting for apologies that never arrive, or arrive without the behavioral shifts that should follow them.

What makes this trap so powerful is the gap between who you remember raising and who stands before you now. That cognitive dissonance—the clash between the child you knew and the adult they’ve become—keeps you stuck in the past, constantly seeing potential instead of accepting reality.

Hope becomes toxic when it stops you from taking the necessary action to protect yourself. You deserve to acknowledge that hoping without evidence of change, year after year, creates its own kind of suffering. Parents often stay trapped here because admitting your child might not change feels like giving up on them, when really you’re just beginning to face what is rather than what you wish could be.

2. Understand that your love alone can’t fix them.

Many parents carry a deeply rooted belief that love conquers all. You’ve loved this person from before they took their first breath, through every scraped knee and bad dream and teenage crisis. Surely that same love can pull them through whatever they’re facing now.

But adult children struggling with addiction, personality disorders, mental illness, or deeply ingrained behavioral patterns need professional intervention that you simply cannot provide, no matter how much you love them. Your role as a parent has inherent limitations once someone reaches adulthood. You can offer support, but you cannot force someone into their own healing journey.

Here’s where many parents stumble into codependency without realizing it. When helping becomes rescuing—when you’re working harder on their life than they are—you’re actually removing the natural discomfort that might motivate them to seek real help. Taking responsibility for their healing disempowers them, sending the unintended message that they’re not capable of managing their own life.

Supporting someone means standing beside them as they do their own work. Rescuing means doing the work for them. One builds strength; the other prevents it. Learning this distinction doesn’t mean you love them less. Sometimes, loving wisely means stepping back so that they have the space to find their own way forward, even if that path includes struggles you desperately wish you could spare them.

3. Accept that setting boundaries isn’t abandonment.

Guilt rises in your throat every time you consider saying no. The voice in your head sounds relentless: “I’m their parent, I should always be there.” Friends and family might reinforce this, questioning how you could possibly set limits with your own child. Cultural or religious teachings may have emphasized that parents never give up, never stop giving, never close the door.

Yet boundaries and abandonment are fundamentally different. Abandonment means disappearing without explanation or care. Boundaries mean clearly communicating what you will and won’t accept while still caring about the person. Setting a boundary with your adult child actually creates healthy structure in a relationship where chaos has taken over.

Sometimes, boundaries become the only real consequence a person faces, and consequences are powerful teachers. However, you need to set boundaries primarily to protect yourself, not as a strategy to change them. Change might happen, but it cannot be your goal, or you’ll end up disappointed and resentful.

Consider the difference between a boundary and an ultimatum. “I won’t give you money anymore” is a boundary—a decision about your own behavior. “Stop drinking or I’ll never speak to you again” is an ultimatum—an attempt to control their behavior through threats.

Boundaries focus on what you can control: your own actions, your own space, your own resources. They don’t require the other person to change, only that you follow through on what you’ve said you’ll do. Your child is an adult now. Treating them as such, complete with natural consequences for their choices, is more respectful than continuing to shield them from reality indefinitely.

4. Grieve the child you thought you’d have.

Nobody talks about this part enough. You’re mourning someone who is still alive, which feels confusing and somehow wrong. People offer platitudes: “At least they’re still here,” or “Things could be worse.” But the grief is real, and it deserves acknowledgment.

You imagined a different future. Perhaps you pictured holiday dinners where everyone actually wanted to be there, or Sunday phone calls filled with genuine connection rather than crisis management. Maybe you dreamed of being the kind of grandparent who gets regular visits, or having an adult friendship with your child where you truly enjoy each other’s company.

Some parents experience anticipatory grief when the relationship exists but feels effectively over. You’re preparing for permanent loss even though they’re physically present. Others grieve the thousand small losses: the family photos they’re not in, the celebrations they’ve ruined, the trust that’s been shattered beyond repair.

Unprocessed grief often keeps you stuck in hope because grieving feels like finalizing something you’re not ready to finalize. Yet allowing yourself to feel this sadness doesn’t mean you’re giving up. Grief and love coexist. You can mourn what never was and what will never be while still caring about them. You can feel genuine sadness about the relationship you don’t have while also accepting reality. Even if others don’t understand this particular kind of loss, it’s legitimate. Give yourself permission to feel it fully.

5. Identify the specific behaviours you can no longer tolerate.

Vague boundaries like “be respectful” or “treat me better” leave too much room for interpretation. You need concrete, specific lines that both you and your child clearly understand. Grab a piece of paper. Write down the behaviors that have become unacceptable—not occasional mistakes everyone makes, but patterns that repeat despite your best efforts.

Your list might include things like verbal abuse during conversations, showing up at your home uninvited, stealing from you or other family members, creating scenes at family gatherings, using your grandchildren as bargaining chips, asking for money and then spending it on substances, violating your privacy by going through your things, or being intoxicated when they’re in your space. Each person’s list looks different because each situation is unique.

Now rewrite each item as a specific boundary with a clear consequence. “If you raise your voice or call me names, I will end the conversation immediately” is actionable. “Don’t disrespect me” is not. “You may not come to family events if you’re under the influence; if you arrive intoxicated, you’ll be asked to leave” is clear. “Behave at holidays” is not.

Distinguishing between supporting someone through genuinely hard times and accepting unacceptable treatment matters here. Supporting might mean listening to them vent about job frustrations. Accepting unacceptable treatment means letting them scream at you about those frustrations as if you caused them. Supporting might mean helping them research treatment options. Accepting unacceptable treatment means funding their lifestyle while they refuse treatment. You can care deeply about someone’s wellbeing while refusing to tolerate harmful behavior directed at you.

6. Recognize your own enabling patterns.

Enabling means removing natural consequences or making it easier for someone to continue self-destructive patterns. Parents enable from a place of love, which makes it incredibly hard to see clearly. You’re not trying to harm them—you’re trying desperately to help. But certain kinds of help function as obstacles.

Enabling might look like repeatedly covering rent when they spend their money elsewhere, providing housing without any expectations or boundaries, lying to other family members to protect their reputation, accepting blame for choices they made as adults, bailing them out of legal or financial troubles they created, or doing things for them that they’re fully capable of doing themselves. You might make excuses to employers, smooth things over with people they’ve wronged, or sacrifice your own needs to meet their endless demands.

Parents enable for complicated reasons. Guilt whispers that you owe them, that their struggles are somehow your fault. Fear suggests that if you don’t help, something terrible will happen and you’ll be responsible. Habit means you’ve been fixing their problems for so long that it feels normal. Love makes you want to ease their suffering by any means possible. Hope tells you that this time, this help will be the one that finally turns things around.

Ask yourself hard questions. Does my help actually improve their situation in the long run, or does it just delay consequences? Am I doing this to ease my own anxiety rather than truly benefit them? Would I offer this same help to a friend’s adult child in identical circumstances, or am I applying different standards because this is my child? Sometimes, the most loving thing you can do is step back and let natural consequences teach lessons you cannot.

7. Detach with love: the practice of emotional distance.

Caring about someone while refusing to be consumed by their chaos sounds impossible until you learn how. Emotional detachment doesn’t mean you stop loving them or stop hoping they find peace. Rather, you stop letting their crisis become your crisis, their emergency become your emergency, or their choices determine your emotional state.

Practical detachment looks like not answering the phone every single time they call, especially when those calls follow a predictable pattern of drama or demands. Allow silence to exist instead of filling every quiet moment with worry about them. Observe their life without trying to direct, manage, or control it. Respond to situations thoughtfully rather than reacting from panic or guilt.

People sometimes confuse detachment with cold indifference—cutting someone off emotionally and not caring what happens to them. Warm detachment is different. You genuinely wish them well. You care about their wellbeing. You would celebrate if their life improved. But you’re no longer entangled in the daily ups and downs. You’re no longer losing sleep over decisions they’re making. You’re no longer organizing your life around their next crisis.

Anxiety will rise when you first practice detachment because taking action feels safer than accepting powerlessness. Your mind will insist that if you just worry hard enough, think long enough, or intervene quickly enough, you can prevent disaster.

Learning to sit with that anxiety—to feel it without acting on it—takes practice. Breathing exercises help. So does reminding yourself that you cannot control another adult’s life, and attempting to do so exhausts you without helping them. Detachment is a skill that strengthens with repetition, and it might just save your health and sanity.

8. Create and enforce consequences (not punishments).

Consequences and punishments sound similar but function very differently. A consequence is a natural outcome you calmly follow through on to protect yourself or maintain your boundaries. A punishment is a retaliatory action designed to cause pain or teach a lesson through suffering.

“If you come to my home intoxicated, I’ll ask you to leave” is a consequence. You’re protecting your space and maintaining your boundary, stated clearly and enforced without anger. “I won’t talk to you for a month to teach you a lesson about drinking” is a punishment. You’re using your relationship as leverage to control their behavior, and there’s anger or vindictiveness behind it.

Consequences focus on your needs and limits. Punishments focus on forcing them to change. Consequences can be enforced consistently because they’re about protecting yourself, not about your emotional state toward them. Punishments tend to crumble because they require you to maintain anger or disappointment, which is exhausting.

Enforcement is where most boundaries fall apart. You state a boundary clearly, then the moment comes to follow through, and guilt floods in. Maybe they’re crying. Maybe they’re angry. Maybe you’re worried about what will happen if you actually enforce this limit. But backing down teaches them that your boundaries are negotiable, that if they push hard enough or make you feel guilty enough, you’ll fold. Your credibility—both with them and with yourself—depends on following through.

You might say something like: “I need you to leave now. You can call me tomorrow when you’re sober and we can talk then.” Keep your voice calm and your explanation brief. You’re not debating, defending, or discussing in the moment. The discomfort you feel during enforcement is real, but it’s temporary. The erosion of your self-respect from repeatedly failing to enforce your own boundaries lasts much longer.

9. Stop the mental rumination and “what if” thinking.

Your mind probably goes over your situation a LOT. You replay the last conversation, analyzing every word for clues about what you should have said differently. You imagine scenarios—what if you’d been stricter when they were young, what if you’d chosen a different school, what if you’d seen the warning signs earlier. You lie awake at three in the morning constructing elaborate fantasies about reconciliation, picturing the exact words that would finally break through to them.

Rumination feels productive because you’re doing something, even if that something is just thinking in circles. Your brain tricks you into believing that if you just analyze hard enough, replay the past thoroughly enough, or imagine the future vividly enough, you’ll discover the solution that’s been hiding all along. But rumination doesn’t produce solutions. It produces exhaustion.

The psychological trap works because thinking creates a false sense of control. You can’t control their choices or fix their problems, but you can control your thoughts—except you can’t, really, because rumination is compulsive. You’re not choosing these thought patterns; they’re choosing you, particularly during vulnerable moments like early morning or late at night when your defenses are down.

Interrupting rumination requires deliberate techniques. When you notice yourself spiraling, say “stop” out loud if you can, or imagine a stop sign in your mind. Engage your body through movement—go for a walk, do ten jumping jacks, wash dishes with full attention to the sensation of warm water.

Schedule specific “worry time” where you allow yourself fifteen minutes to think about your child, then practice redirecting your thoughts when that time ends. Mindfulness practices help by training your attention to return to the present moment rather than dwelling in the past or future.

Physical activity particularly helps because it’s nearly impossible to ruminate deeply while your body is engaged in something demanding. Your mental energy needs somewhere to go, and if you don’t direct it toward your own life, it will continue flowing toward theirs. Healing requires reclaiming that energy and investing it in things you can actually influence.

10. Know when to cut contact (and when not to).

Complete estrangement isn’t necessary in every difficult relationship, though sometimes, it becomes the only viable option for protecting your wellbeing. Many relationships exist somewhere along a spectrum between full contact and no contact, and finding the right point on that spectrum for your situation matters.

Low contact with strict boundaries might mean you talk once a month on the phone but don’t see each other in person. Modified contact could involve only meeting in public places, or only communicating through text, where you have time to consider your responses. Maintained contact with emotional detachment means you interact but practice the kind of warm detachment we discussed earlier—present but not consumed.

Some of the signs that no contact might be necessary include ongoing abuse that doesn’t stop despite clear boundaries, threats to your safety or the safety of others, dangerous behaviour that puts you at risk, or such severe impact on your physical or mental health that staying in contact is causing you serious harm.

Some parents reach a point where every interaction leaves them shaking, unable to eat, or spiraling into depression for days afterward. Your body often knows before your mind fully accepts that continuing contact is unsustainable.

Is no contact forever? Maybe, maybe not. Committing to permanent estrangement can feel overwhelming, so instead, consider it a decision for right now. You can be firmly no contact today while remaining open to the possibility that circumstances might change years from now. Flexibility doesn’t mean weakness. Changing your mind based on actual evidence of sustained change is a reasonable choice you might make.

Implementing no contact involves blocking phone numbers if necessary, restricting or blocking on social media, asking family members not to share information about you, and possibly using lawyers or mediators for any necessary communication about practical matters.

Grandchildren complicate everything. Some parents maintain minimal contact solely for the sake of relationships with grandchildren, accepting very firm boundaries about what that contact looks like. Others find that the toll of interacting with their adult child makes even that impossible. There’s no right answer that works for everyone.

11. Practice self-compassion through this painful journey.

You’ve been harder on yourself through this process than you’d ever be on someone you love. Every boundary you set comes with a wave of guilt. Every conversation that goes badly gets replayed with harsh internal commentary about what you did wrong. You blame yourself for things that happened twenty years ago, for decisions you made with the information you had at the time, for being human and imperfect.

Self-compassion means speaking to yourself the way you’d speak to a dear friend going through this exact situation. Would you tell your best friend that they’re a terrible person for setting boundaries with an abusive adult child? Would you blame them for their child’s addiction or mental illness? Would you expect them to tolerate treatment you wouldn’t accept from anyone else? The kindness you extend to others needs to flow toward yourself, too.

Acknowledge out loud that this is genuinely difficult. You’re navigating something that most people don’t understand and doing your best with limited options, all while carrying grief and worry and confusion.

Perfect boundary-setting doesn’t exist. You’ll probably slip up, give in when you said you wouldn’t, say yes when you meant to say no. Forgive yourself for past enabling, for all the times you rescued when you should have stepped back, for the mistakes you’ve made along the way and will make in the future.

Parents who’ve spent decades putting everyone else first often find self-compassion particularly challenging. You’ve been trained—by culture, by habit, by your own values—to sacrifice yourself for your children. Relearning that your wellbeing matters, that protecting yourself isn’t selfish, and that you deserve peace even if that peace comes at the cost of distance from your child—this feels wrong and necessary all at once.

Daily practices help. Journal about your feelings without judgment. Write affirmations that counter the harsh thoughts: “I’m doing my best in an impossible situation.” “I deserve safety and peace.” “Protecting myself doesn’t mean I’ve stopped loving them.” Definitely consider getting some therapy with someone experienced in family dynamics—this can provide crucial support and guidance for your very specific situation.

Simple acknowledgment of your pain matters, too. You might tell yourself: “This hurts. This is really, really hard. I’m allowed to feel this.” Self-compassion forms the foundation of sustainable boundary-setting because you cannot maintain boundaries while constantly beating yourself up for having them.

You deserve to live without constant chaos, to sleep through the night, to enjoy moments without guilt. Peace is possible even if the relationship never becomes what you hoped. Your life has value independent of whether your child changes. Hold onto that truth, especially on the hardest days.

You Don’t Need Permission To Protect Yourself

You’ve been seeking permission—from someone, from somewhere—to finally put yourself first. Here’s what needs saying: You are allowed to step back. You are allowed to prioritize your own mental and physical health. You are allowed to build a life that isn’t organized around crisis management and worry.

Choosing yourself doesn’t erase your love or your history or your connection to this person who will always be your child in some fundamental way. But you cannot pour endlessly from an empty cup, and you’ve been running on fumes for far too long. The relationship you have is the relationship you have, not the one you wish existed.

Change might come someday. Then again, it might not. Either way, your life continues. You get to decide how to spend your energy, where to direct your care, what you will and won’t accept. You get to build boundaries that protect you and maintain whatever form of connection feels sustainable, even if that means no connection at all for a while.

Every parent who has walked this path has felt the same guilt, the same fear, the same heartbreak you’re feeling. You’re not alone in this, even when it feels desperately lonely. Somewhere tonight, another parent is making these same painful choices, learning these same difficult lessons.

Your worth isn’t measured by whether you can fix someone else. You’ve done enough. You’ve given enough. Now it’s time to offer yourself the same compassion you’ve extended to them for so long.

Conscious Re-Think